Essay Samples For NHS

Essay Samples For NHSNow that you have figured out which site you want to send your electronic submission to, now is the time to find out where to find essay samples for NHS. It is very difficult to find for one reason that very little is published about the subject so if you want to research this topic, you will have to learn more about what the examiners are looking for when reviewing submissions. This is a field that is going to continue to expand over the next few years and even as the EU reaches greater levels of depth and maturity.One of the best places to start looking at essay samples for NHS is the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). NICE is a scientific research body, who are tasked with evaluating the quality of medical practice within the NHS and recommending improvements which should help increase efficiency and reduce cost to the taxpayer. So, it is a good place to start searching to see if you are a good candidate for the exam.To find out what they are looking for, look to the search box and type the word 'papers' and click search. You will then get a list of papers with links to look further into. Once you have done this you should then click on the titles for the essays that you found.Most of the materials that you get are to be used for the doctors and nurses within the NHS who are in the first year of their careers, so you will only find a handful of papers available for this. However, there is a good variety of papers that you will be able to find that will give you a good idea of what you will need to do to prepare.When it comes to what you are expected to say in your essay, it is best to make sure that you base your thoughts on current medical practices and actual patient care so that you can make a fully informed essay. With the many different situations in which a doctor can encounter, it is important that you look at the situations that you might need to deal with and take the best of the situation into account .With the large number of papers on offer from the academics, practitioners and hospital managers who make up the NICE you should have no trouble at all. There is also the fact that these essays will help to help to boost your confidence in your ability to write a good essay, so they are worth taking a look at. These essays are part of the exam, so make sure that you study hard so that you can pass them with flying colours.So, now that you have looked at the essay samples for NHS, you will know where to find them and have a better idea of what you will need to do. So, you can now start creating your medical essay and see how you do.

The Development Of Decision Making - 1238 Words

The Development of Decision-Making in Nursing Nursing is a profession that has traditionally attracted individuals who have a desire to help others and have an interest in the health sciences (Ruesink, 2012). In the complex world of health care, good intentions only go so far in terms of client safety, quality of care, and achieving the best possible outcomes, and that is why critical thinking, decision making, and evidence based practice are crucial to the nursing profession when acting on the behalf of our clients (Fero, Witsberger, Wesmiller, Zullo, Hoffman, 2009; Ruesink, 2012; Thompson, Aitken, Doran, Dowding, 2013). In this paper I will discuss and explore three decision-making models that support nursing decision-making, how†¦show more content†¦The College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia (CRNBC), defines Clinical decision-making as: A complex and dynamic process, occurring within a larger context and drawing from various dimensions of knowledge, in which nurses collect and organize information in order to form conclusions and choose actions, with the intent of creating the best outcomes for clients (2014, slide 19). The nursing profession demands a high standard of quality and safety, compelling nurses to act professionally, be accountable for their own actions, and embrace their Professional Standards (CRNBC, 2013). The CRNBC Professional Standards requires nurses to know where to access information to support their knowledge to deliver evidence-based, competent nursing care, as well as use decision-making tools to guide their assessments, diagnoses, and treatments (2013). For nurses to make clinical decisions that enhance a client’s health, promote realistic solutions, and reduce potential risks, decision making and critical thinking must happen in sync (Fero et al., 2009; Standing, 2005). To support critical thinking in nursing practice, and help novice nurses compensate for the lack of clinical experience, decision-making models have been constructed to help navigate the multi-dimensional complexities of the

The Theory Of Child Sexual Abuse - 901 Words

After reading the article by Rind, Tromovich, and Baserman, and the other associated commentaries I have drawn a few conclusions. First I do not believe in the Rind et al. s final theory that child sexual abuse does not cause intense and extensive harm in the long term. However, I do not fully renounce all of his theories. I have concluded that their final theory needed more precise research and there were holes in their research and theory. I also believe that they did not consider the impact that their article would have on the psychological community, politics, and personal emotional impact. After I read the first article from Rind et al s, I felt shock and anger from the content. I understood that what they wanted to answer a few key questions such as, does child sexual assault (CSA) cause harm, will the harm be intense, and is the experience similar for both boys and girls in terms of the negative effects. I felt that the article minimized CSA and the effects it has on the victi ms. On page 26 in the left-hand column, Rind states that, â€Å"CSA does not typically have intensely negative psychological effects. Almost the exact same sentence was repeated on page 46 in the right-hand column. On that same page, it inferred that adult-child sex and adult-adolescent sex was considered normal in some populations. That may be true, but children and adolescents should not be exposed to that at such a young age where they are not fully developed. In the rebuttal article byShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse Is A Serious Concern Of Society1570 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Child abuse is a serious concern of society because of the negative effects on later social and psychological functioning. 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Case Study - Research Method free essay sample

Case studies are an important research method in areas where innovations are studied. They enable us to study contemporary and complex social phenomena in their natural context. Over the years researchers working from both epistemological perspectives have addressed important methodological issues. A case study is expected to capture the complexity of a single case, and the methodology which enables this has developed not only in the social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, but also in practice-oriented fields such as environmental studies, business studies, social work and Counselling. Explains that there are four questions which are basic elements of any research process. What methods do we propose to use? What methodology governs our choice and use of methods? What theoretical perspective lies behind the methodology in question? What epistemology informs this theoretical perspective? This paper is written to present the case study as a research approach, showing that its characterization is not an easy task, due mainly to its many different approaches and applications. In order to demonstrate its application, I have indicated its most common advantages and disadvantages, stressing the important role played by the researcher, who must be careful about generalizations. Soy (1997) The case study approach refers to a group of methods which emphasize qualitative analysis Yin, (1984, p. 23) simplifies it as, data collected from a small number of associations through methods such as participant-observation, in-depth interviews, and longitudinal studies. The essence of case study methodology is triangulation, the combination on different levels of techniques, methods, strategies, or theories. Crotty (1998, p. 5) explains that research conducted using the data collection method of participant observation, is one of many theoretical perspectives which exemplify a constructionist epistemology. Yin (1984, p. 23) clarifies that case studies are conducted from the positivist as well as from the interpretist epistemological perspective. What is a Case Study? A case study is a research methodology common in social science. Stake (1998, p. 7) points out that â€Å"As a form of research, case study is defined by interest in individual cases, not by the methods of inquiry used†. He goes on to explain that the methods of investigation are not what’s crucial to case study research, but that the object of study is a ‘case’. Skate (1978, p. 5) states that â€Å"case studies will often be the preferred method of research because they may be epistemologically in harmony with the readers experience and thus to that person a natural basis for generalization† The term CASE STUDY is used in a variety of ways: 1. As an alternative to experimental (scientific) and quantitative (positivist) methods. 2. As an intensive investigation of single situations which serve to identify and describe basic phenomena. 3. Focusing on individuals perceptions of given educational phenomena, carried out largely by means of interviews. 4. As a study which is almost entirely qualitative in methodology and presentation. 5. As a type of ethnographic research, incorporating participant observation, qualitative observation and field study. (Ethnographic studies are those that take place within a definable cultural setting). Yin (2003) in Hayes (2006) The Wikipedia gives Thomas’s (2011) definition as: Case studies are analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied holistically by one or more methods. The case that is the subject of the inquiry will be an instance of a class of phenomena that provides an analytical frame an object within which the study is conducted and which the case illuminates and explicates. Thomas’s (2011) . Yin (1984, p. 23) defines the case study research method as an â€Å"empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of evidence are used†. He explains that case studies are conducted from the positivist as well as from the interpretist epistemological perspective, and places more emphasis on the ‘method’ and the ‘techniques’ that constitute a case study. The case study approach seeks to understand the problem being investigated. â€Å"It provides the opportunity to ask penetrating questions and to capture the richness of organizational behaviour, but the conclusions drawn may be specific to the particular organizations studied and may not be generalizable† Yin (1984, p. 23) Case studies are characterised by the following a. Data are usually qualitative rather than quantitative. It’s not that the numbers are unimportant but that they are relatively insignificant to the outcome. b. Data are not manipulated (the truth is told plainly). The issue of what ‘truth’ means is then raised. c. Studies mainly focus on single cases (but can include multiple ones). d. Ambiguity in observation and report is tolerated (rather than absolute outcomes). This means that there may not be clinical, clearly defined solutions. e. Multiple perspectives are sought. This means that the opinions and perceptions of many people may be requested. f. Holism (the sum of the parts is greater than the whole) is advocated. This means that the greater the range of data, the better. g. A search for understanding (for example, by reference to context or history) rather than mere explanation. Kenny Groteleuschen (1984) Yin (1993) has identified some specific types of case studies: Exploratory, Explanatory, and Descriptive. Stake (1998) included three others: intrinsic, instrumental and collective. An intrinsic case study is typically undertaken to learn about a unique phenomenon. The researcher should define the uniqueness of the phenomenon, which distinguishes it from all others. In contrast, the instrumental case study uses a particular case (some of which may be better than others) to gain a broader appreciation of an issue or phenomenon. History of the Case study It is generally believed that the case-study method was first introduced into social science by Frederic Le Play in 1829 as a handmaiden to statistics in his studies of family budgets. Les Ouvriers Europeens (1879) in . The use of case studies for the creation of new theory in social sciences has been further developed by the sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss who presented their research method, Grounded theory, in 1967. The popularity of case studies in testing hypotheses has developed only in recent decades. Case studies have also been used as a teaching method and as part of professional development, especially in business and legal education. The problem-based learning (PBL) movement is such an example. When used in (non-business) education and professional development and are often referred to as critical incidents. Advantages of a Case Study †¢Case studies allow a lot of detail to be collected. Normally this would not be easily obtained by other research designs. The collected data is normally of a greater depth and a lot richer than can be found through other experimental designs. †¢Case studies tend to be conducted on rare cases where large samples of similar participants are not available. As an example, to be able to gain knowledge of brain functions, this can only generally be done through case studies. †¢Within the case study, scientific experiments can be conducted. Case studies can help experimenters adapt ideas and produce novel hypotheses which can be used for later testing. †¢Knowledge! A lot of the research obtained through case studies is invaluable. Disadvantages of a Case Study †¢One of the main criticisms is that the data collected cannot necessarily be generalised to the wider population. This means that a lot of the data being collected is not always relevant or particularly useful. †¢Some case studies are not scientific. There have been quite a few case studies that are not scientific nor are they able to be generalised. Some of the case studies that Freud used for many of his theories or studies were not scientific. †¢Case studies are generally on one person, but there also tends to only be one experimenter collecting the data. Results can sometimes be influenced by the bias of the data collector, which is more applicable to case studies, than in different designs. †¢It is also very difficult to draw a definite cause/effect from case studies. Case studies also tend to collect mainly qualitative data. This has been put as neither an advantage or disadvantage, depending on the individual’s stance on qualitative data. Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study Research (2013) Many well-known case study researchers such as Robert E. Stake, Robert K. Yin and Gary Thomas, have written about case study research and recommended techniques for organizing and conducting the research successfully. They suggest the six steps that should be used are: †¢Determine and define the research questions †¢Select the cases and determine data gathering and analysis techniques †¢Prepare to collect the data †¢Collect data in the field †¢Evaluate and analyse the data †¢Prepare the report Conclusion A case study can accomplish many of the same goals as other methods. For example, the case study can be exploratory (create new knowledge), constructive (solve some problem), or confirmatory (test a hypothesis with empirical evidence). The case study can also use either a primary (the researcher collects the data) or secondary (the researcher uses someone elses data) approach. Case study research can be based on any mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches. An important strength of case studies is the ability to undertake an investigation into a phenomenon in its context. It is important not to confuse case studies with ethnographic and other strictly qualitative research paradigms. Typically, it uses multiple data sources including direct detailed observations, interviews, and documents. Stake (1998, p. 7) states â€Å"Case studies are likely to continue to be popular because of their style and to be useful for exploration for those who search for explanatory laws. And, moreover, because of the universality and importance of experiential understanding, and because of their compatibility with such understanding, case studies can be expected to continue to have an epistemological advantage over other inquiry methods as a basis for naturalistic generalization†. Case studies are a valuable way of looking at the world around us. References The Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study Research www. ukessays. com/essays/psychology/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-case-study-research-psychology-essay. php#ixzz2RC7oeWP6 accessed 9 May 2013 Crotty, M. (1998) The foundations of social science research:meaning and perspective in the research process,New SouthWales, Allen and Uwi Gorard, G. (2004). Combining methods in educational and social research. Berkshire: Open University Press Hayes,D. (2006) Faculty of Education, University of Plymouth, History of a case study . Accessed 8th May 2013 Kenny R. W. Groteleuschen A. D. (1984). ‘Making the Case for Case Study’ Journal of Curriculum studies, 16, pp. 37-31 Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research methods in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative and qualitative approaches. (2nd ed. ) Thousand Oaks: Sage. Soy, S K. (1997). The case study as a research method. Unpublished paper, University of Texas at Austin. Stake, R. E. (1978). The case study method in social inquiry. Educational Researcher 7: 5-8 Stake, Robert. (1995). The Art of case study Research. Thousand Oaks, London, Sage. Stake, Robert. (1998). â€Å"Case Studies† in: Norman Denzin Yvonna Lincoln. (eds. ): Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage. Thomas, G (2011) A typology for the case study in social science following a review of definition, discourse and structure. Qualitative Inquiry, 17, 6, 511-521 . Yin, R. (1984,1989, 1994,2009). Case study research: Design and methods (1st ed. ). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishing. Yin, R. (199). Applications of case study research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage